One side effect of improved relations between north and south has been increased anti-American activity. There has always been some of this, since the 1960s when many South Korean held the US responsible for keeping the military dictatorship in power. Radical students have also been consistently anti-American. The current activity has been more violent, leading to physical, sometimes fatal, attacks on Americans. This anti-foreigner attitude is an ancient Korean custom, causing the country to be called "the Hermit Kingdom."