May 13, 2013: Stationing American forces overseas has not always been as expensive for the United States as it appeared to be. This was largely because most of those forces were stationed in countries that became very wealthy as the Cold War went on. Thus, as the economies in West Germany and Japan recovered after World War II, they reached a point where the United States demanded, and got, payments from those countries to cover part of the expense of keeping American troops there. Since then, Japan and Germany have paid over a hundred billion dollars in such payments, and since 1991, even South Korea has made similar payments. South Korea’s payments are now over half a billion dollars a year. In the case of South Korea, all the money they contributed went to pay South Koreans working on American bases and for supplies bought locally. As the U.S. keeps reducing troop strength there the South Koreans protest because the presence of American troops helps reduce the possibility of  North Korean aggression. It’s a form of peacekeeping that American troops overseas don’t get enough credit for. Meanwhile, the contributions from host countries have declined as American forces are withdrawn.

With so many U.S. troops withdrawn from overseas bases in the last two decades, the savings have not been as large as some expected, because the local country contributions disappeared as the American troops left. It still costs the United States over $10 billion a year to maintain overseas bases. This does not include the cost of paying American troops in these bases but rather the expense of maintaining the bases and paying the thousands of local civilians. Some 70 percent of base expenses are incurred in Germany, Japan, and South Korea. 

While the cost of maintaining troops overseas is high, it’s not as high as stated. The American troops would be paid and maintained wherever they were (as would the base employees), and duty in Europe was always seen as a recruiting tool. The tours there were three years and you could bring your family.

Perhaps the biggest loss to American taxpayers was that American troops overseas spent most of their pay overseas. This cost a lot of American jobs, and a vibrant example of that can be seen when American units were sent to Afghanistan or Iraq for a year, and the businesses around their U.S. bases suffered economically for as long as the troops were away. Fortunately, the troops in Afghanistan and Iraq could not do much shopping locally and spent most of their pay when they got home.

But for most American troops overseas, the main additional cost is travel. The troops are moved economically, usually on chartered aircraft, but its still expensive to move them back and forth. There’s also the additional expense of shipping ammunition and new equipment. Although in places like Europe and East Asia, a lot of equipment can be purchased locally. As several hundred thousand American troops left since the end of the Cold War, the host countries, especially Germany, complained about the lost (local civilian) jobs. This apparently led the U.S. to not demand fair compensation for the improvements to the bases returned to German ownership. U.S. officials were accustomed to complaints like this in the United States but had to be reminded that Germans don’t vote in the U.S. and to think of American taxpayers who do. The U.S. lost over a billion dollars just in undervalued property given back without fair compensation. In addition, U.S. Department of Defense officials did not demand inflation and other cost increases in running remaining bases. The U.S. apparently felt it was best not to haggle and just get the troops back to the U.S. as quickly and painlessly as possible.